Assistant Lecturer : Ghufran Hamed Nail

Anbar University - College of Basic Education/Haditha

Department of General Sciences

       At the beginning of its inception, man used simple tools in his dealings with nature, such as stones and wood, but due to the progress of civilization, development, and the growth of human capabilities, the destructive effects of the environment on the one hand and human himself on the other. Population growth continued, progress continued, and environmental pollution became a global phenomenon that included developing and developed countries, with varying types of pollution. Therefore, the danger has become a threat to everyone, and the balance between the elements of the environment has been disturbed, and these elements are no longer able to analysis human waste and consume the waste resulting from his various activities. Waste can be defined as the total waste of human domestic, agricultural and industrial activities, that is, that is, all movables left or abandoned somewhere it threatens and harms public health. The waste includes several types, including solid medical waste and household liquid waste, and it can be divided according to safety standards into hazardous and benign.

Benign waste can be defined as a group of materials whose presence does not pose serious environmental problems and is easy to dispose of in an environmentally safe manner. Hazardous waste is a waste whose components include metallic or radioactive compounds that lead to serious environmental problems. These hazardous wastes are generated from materials and waste. Industrial, chemical, and agricultural waste (such as pesticides and chemicals used as boosters). These wastes can be utilized through a process called recycling, which is defined as treatment.

Used materials (waste) are transformed into products useful to humans. This process also helps reduce the consumption of raw materials, reduce energy consumption, reduce water and air pollution, and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The goal of reuse is to reduce the volume of these wastes and thus reduce their accumulation. In the environment, this process is carried out by classifying and separating the waste on the basis of the raw materials present in it, and then remanufacturing each material separately. One of the positives of the recycling process is providing

Energy: For example, when we recycle an aluminum can, we save 95% of the energy needed to manufacture a can from its original raw materials, recycling glass saves 50% of the energy we need to manufacture glass from raw materials, recycling just one glass bottle saves energy. Enough to operate a one-watt lamp for 4 hours. Also recycling glass reduces pollution by 20-50% of water pollution, recycling paper saves 60% of the energy we need to manufacture paper from its raw materials. recycling paper reduces air pollution by 95%, recycling one ton of paper saves 17 trees. By recycling every plastic container, we reduce 2 billion tons of plastic. Natural resources can also be preserved, which is one of the basic principles on which sustainable development is based.

Applying the idea of sorting waste from the source to recycle it and reducing the pressure on the landfill and the gases emitted from the landfills. Also urging the citizen to participate in preserving the environment and changing the citizen’s consumer behavior by disseminating and implementing the idea of waste sorting. There are several types of recycling, including:

1- Glass bottles to make new ones

2- Paper and cardboard (from magazines) to make other paper and cardboard

3-Textile materials

4- Unusable car tires to be converted into other rubber materials.

5- Aluminum materials to aluminum foil for packaging.

6- Steel used in heavy industries.

7-Plastic materials to packaging materials, bags, some types of clothes, toys...etc

8- Wastewater is transformed into safe water thanks to water disinfection and purification stations, and it can be used in agriculture.

Keywords: recycling, plastics and energy