Professor Dr. Juma Mohammed Awad

These injuries can occur to all individuals who practice training of various types, especially when performing single-frequency movements that have begun to be taken into account in the other two decades in particular. The problem is that these injuries are not visible despite the pain felt by the individual and begin in the form of a local mother in an area of the body, especially in muscle bites,  i.e. in the contact area between the body of the muscle and the bone, specifically in the muscle tendons such as the achilles tendon,  the ligament tendon and the muscle water of the humerus.  The patient with a small injury can be cured in a short period of time not more than several days if he gives the necessary rest, but continued training and high effort leads to the recurrence of this injury in the same place with continued bleeding and thus the injury enters advanced stages may need surgical treatment to remove the calcifications and fibrosis present and these injuries occur to athletes especially in training camps and when intensive training where the athlete complains of pain in a certain area of the body and disappears after warm-up It returns again after the training is over.

The main causes of these injuries are:

1- Increase physical effort more than the individual's susceptibility with prolonged repetition.

2- The escalation of training suddenly after being interrupted for a long time.

Repeating certain movements that are similar and similar for a long time. Many researchers studied and researched it because it was defined by a number of specialists as an injury that occurs as a result of minor effects beyond the susceptibility  of vesal resistance  to tissues, which, after recurrence, alter the function and composition of these tissues.

The preparation of athletes requires great efforts in training hours and sometimes the level of severity in training units is higher than that of athletes, thus showing pain in areas prone to stress, especially in the leg area due to microscopic ruptures in the tissues of that area, and some sources have shown that the sensation of pain is caused by small ruptures in the connective tissue of the muscle, especially near its limbs. Long and frequent.

Some sources confirmed that the repeated use of the organ and excessively leads to tendinitis as a result of friction between the tendon and the surrounding atmosphere .

Many specialists confirmed  that small, repeated injuries occur from the patella and the yolk of the four-headed femoral muscle when used too much.

The researchers emphasize the importance of planning a physical training process so that the training programs are developed and implemented according to a system that ensures the graduation process from one training unit to another for the purpose of achieving the desired goal of physical preparation, which is to bring athletes to new physical levels to ensure that they perform different duties with clear efficiency, and the Pailogione states  that the failure to plan training processes while not following the gradient in increasing load in terms of intensity and size leads to the state of overload as a result of performing training with a higher intensity than the individual's potential. Membership, and other reasons leading to these injuries, is the wrong technical performance, when trainees perform incorrect technical movements the injury occurs and repeats when performing for the second time, so trainees must be taught the right performance with the appropriate anatomical situation and thus the movement of the athlete becomes economic and directed and therefore the proportion of these injuries decreases with the emphasis on warm-up.

Stages of injury (pathological changes):

Pathological changes in the affected tissue occur in three overlapping stages as follows:

1- Phase 1 : Because of high exertion, there are subtle ruptures in some stress-prone tissues, which means small injury with inflammatory changes in the tendon casings of muscles and in the casings of joints and bones leading to the assembly of inflammatory cells with inflammatory exudation in the tissues and hematoma of the lattice in the area, after which inflammatory fluids gather in the place of injury and at rest or reduce effort the blood and lymph absorb these fluids but continue to exert effort and high load leads to the survival of the inflammatory fluids in the place of injury and at rest or reduced effort the blood and lymph absorb these fluids but continue to exert effort and high load leads to the survival of the inflammatory fluids These fluids are in the affected area.

2- Phase II: It is the result of the previous stage and the so-called fibrosis occurs, as the presence of non-contraction fibrous tissue in the tissues of the affected area has a negative impact on the normal movement of the affected limb due to the disappearance of the viscous characteristic of these tissues, which are important in motor performance.

3- Phase III: It is the most difficult stage where the fibrosis in the affected tissue turns into a calcified substance and can be detected by radiological examination and begins at the appearance of calcify deposits in inflamed and fibrous tissues with changes in the cartilage coated for bones inside the joint or in the bone tissue itself.

Areas of the body exposed to repeated small injuries:

Most areas of the body are exposed to small, recurrent injuries depending on the effort performed by one or several joints in the knee joint, inflammatory changes occur in the following areas:

1- The radfi tendon and its casing.

2- Peritonation of the four-headed femoral muscle

3- Anterior bronchodilitis.

4- The lower end of the femur inside the knee joint and the subterior parietic gland is exposed  to inflammation and the injury becomes chronic in some advanced cases in addition to inflammation of the buttock tendon itself.

The above is often accompanied by inflammation of the subterior urticuloma gland  due to constant friction between the tendon and gland to perform the required movements and exercises.    The training effort is more than normal and with your mind the injury becomes chronic and needs surgical intervention. The  achilles tendon is also exposed  to these injuries in the area of contact with the twin muscle or when it is immersed in the bone of the butt due to the strong contractions of this muscle, and the fibrous casing of this tendon is inflamed by repeated jumping movements or when performing an effort that is not accustomed to it where the injury occurs in the area with swelling sometimes prevents the individual from performing. Sources say that inflammation occurs as a first stage of small injury to the muscles related to the antigen and occurs as a result of the performance of bending movements and tide strongly or due to technical errors with the recurrence of these movements and the shoulder joint is exposed to small injuries and occurs in the casing of the joint or in the long tendon of the muscles of the humerus, as occurs in the sebaceous gland under the dalal muscle and the tendon of the above-spinal muscle is exposed to these injuries and may fibrosis and then calcif in chronic cases due to excessive use. Other areas are vulnerable to small injuries such as thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and spinal ligaments linking them, and such as those at the front of the  pelvic belt with osteoarthritis and related straight abdominal muscles.

For the purpose of eliminating this condition in its early stages to prevent complications, we recommend:

1. Educating trainers about the existence of this pathological condition resulting from training that exceeds the ability of trainees.

2- Gradually increase the intensity as the training stages progress.

3. It is necessary to make physical choices in training camps using batteries that measure fitness to stand at the level and then develop appropriate programs while teaching trainers to learn how to implement these choices.

4- Consider age during training as the susceptibility is reduced by age.