An article entitled ((Medical fungi and their impact on human health))

 Medical Mycology is the science that studies and deals with fungi that infect humans and animals only and cause them diseases ranging from weak to severely infected.

Medical mycologists differed in the division and classification of diseases caused by medicinal fungi. On the basis of that, the world classification was adopted (Ellis 1994), which agrees with most scholars, based on the location of the injury in the body into five sections, as follows:

A-Skin Mycoses

-Superficial Mycoses

-Cutaneous Mycoses

-Subcutaneous Mycoses

B-Systemic Mycoses

-Dimorphic Mycoses

-Opportunistic Mycoses

Superficial Mycoses

These fungi are considered one of the most common and widespread fungal diseases in all parts of the world and in all atmospheres and environments, and a person may be infected with it once or several times during his life. Its color is different from the natural color, and they are diseases caused by fungi that affect the external or surface area or the paired layer of the skin or skin appendages such as hair and nails and are caused by weakly aggressive or weakly infected fungi Weak virulence, These fungi are characterized by possessing enzymes that break down the conjugated layer and transform them into food that you can consume.

Among the diseases that fall into this group are:

 Pityriasis Versicolor

Tinea niger

White Piedra

Black Piedra

Mycotic Keratitis

Otomycose

Supaficial Candidasis

Cutaneous Mycoses

Dermatophyts are fungi that infect the skin in humans and animals, especially domestic ones, and they are called dermatophyts. They cause disease symptoms in the form of annular rush, located under the skin, hair and nails, and do not invade living tissues. In these infections, some physiological changes are observed in the host cells as a result of the presence of the fungus that causes the disease and its vital metabolic consequences. .

Dermatology is divided into three sections:

1-Ring Worm

-Microsporium sp

-Trichophyton sp

-Epidermaphyton sp

2-Dermatomycosis

-Hendersonula sp

-Setyalidium sp

-Scopulariopsis sp

3-Candidasis of skin

Subcutaneous Mycoses

They are diseases that are under the skin or diseases of tissue culture, and they are chronic diseases caused by fungi that exist in natural conditions, such as fungi that throw life and enter the skin or tissues as a result of bruises, bruises, wounds, scratches and tissue transplants, which causes tissue response to the formation of sand grains or bags, most of which are chronic and last for decades It develops slowly without threatening the life of the patient. Among the diseases caused by these fungi are:

, Sporotrichosis , Mycetoma Mycoti , Chromoblastomycosis , Phaeohyphomycosis subcutaneous , Lomycosis , Rhinosporidiosis . Subcutaneous Zygomycosis.                                                       

Dimorphic Mycoses

They are diseases caused by fungi that have the ability to spread and move from the site of infection to another site of the body. To the lungs by inhaling the spores of fungi that cause the disease, and these diseases include:

 Histoplasmosis , Coccidiodomycosis , Blastomycosis , Paracoccidiodomycosis.

Opportunistic Mycoses

It is a peaceful and harmless living shoot fungus. It is part of the natural flora in the human body. It turns into a parasite and causes diseases when the immune system in the human body is exposed to weakness for any reason, such as as a result of chronic diseases such as AIDS or cancer or the use of drugs that affect the immune system of the body such as Corti. Corticosteroids or incorrect use of antibiotics, hence the name opportunistic fungi, including Cryptococcosis, Aspergillosis, Hyphomycosis, and many others.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of fungal infections is one of the difficult problems, because the symptoms of these infections may be similar to other skin diseases, the diagnosis depends on the clinical symptoms, however, the fungi respond to the steroid test to give an accurate diagnosis before giving the appropriate treatment. KOH 10% and examined under the microscope. In addition, in some fungal infections, we need to plant the fungus on a suitable medium and then keep it at an optimum temperature for the growth of the fungus. We can also use the wooden lamp that radiates green under it to detect Microsporium sp, for example.

Treatment

 Some or most of the fungal infections are treated by maintaining personal hygiene by keeping the body cool and dry and avoiding sweating as much as possible by using antifungal ointments and shampoos. Imidazoles, Alllylamin family, polyene drugs, Nystatin and Amphotericin B,

References

Richardson , M& Elewski, B.(2000) :Superficical fungal infections Health Press.Oxford UK

Bharit, s & Skarm , N.(2021) Superficial mycoses, a matter of concern: Global and Indian senario?an updated analysis. Mycoses 64(95)

Aruna V., Nazneen P.,Rajni S. & Leela V.(2013)A Clinicomycological Study of Cutaneous Mycoses in Sawai Man Singh Hospital of Jaipur, North India Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research 3(4):593-7.