Master's thesis in the College of Science discussing ((Evaluates the relationshThe public discussion of the master’s thesis for the student (Shireen Mamdooh Awad), Department of Biology - College of Science - University of Anbar, took place on Wednesday, 08/31/2022 in Jaber Ibn Hayyan Hall in the College of Science for her tagged thesis: (Evaluates the relationship between Oxidative Stress and Adipokines Levels with Bacterial Infections in Type II Diabetic Patients (T2DM) ).

     The current study evaluates the relationship between Oxidative Stress and Adipokines Levels with Bacterial Infections in Type II Diabetic Patients (T2DM). It included 100 diabetic patients (all of type 2), and 50 normal samples, who attended Ramadi Teaching Hospital - Anbar from August 2021 until January 2022. Diabetes was diagnosed for all samples by the specialist doctor in the hospital. Their ages ranged between 40 and 80 years. Diabetic patients were diagnosed based on medical and laboratory studies as well. Data collected included information about age, weight, height, duration of diabetes, age of getting diabetes, marital status, smoking, or not.  The chemical analysis of blood was carried out and a set of kits was used, to measure the oxidative stress and Adipokines levels for serum samples of patients with T2DM. Urinary samples were cultured for patients to diagnose the bacteria associated with patients and their relationship to diabetes. The oxidative stress in the blood was measured by a set of ELISA kits for serum analysis using Malondialdehyde (MDA) (nmol/mg), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (u/mg), and Glutathione (GSH) (u/mg). The results show a relationship between oxidative stress levels and diabetic patients. Adipokines levels were also calculated using ELISA kits from the same company using Procalcitonin (PCT) (mg/L), Interleukine-6 (IL- 6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-?) (ng/L). The results of the study showed a significant and statistically significant increase (P≤ 0.01) for patients compared to healthy controls in the level of IL-6 (ng/L). The results showed also a significant increase in TNF-? (ng/L) for patients compared to healthy controls. A significant increase in the level of PCT (mg/L) for patients compared to healthy controls (P≤ 0. was also shown. Then, the current study measured the antioxidants in the blood using special ELISA kits for serum analysis using (SOD) (u/mg), (MDA) (nmol/mg) and (GSH) (u/mg). The results showed a relationship between oxidative stress levels and T2DM patients. The results of the study showed that the SOD (u/mg) was significantly increased for patients compared to healthy controls. The MDA (nmol/mg) showed a significant increase (P≤ 0.01) for patients compared to healthy controls. The GSH (u/mg) showed that there was a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) for patients compared to healthy controls. Also, the results of the present study showed that there was a high positive correlation between the level of IL-6 (ng/L) and T2DM patients, and there is a high positive correlation ( between the level of TNF (ng/L), PCT (mg/L) and T2DM patients. In addition, there is a high positive correlation between the level of SOD (u/mg), MDA(nmol/mg) and T2DM patients. The results of the study showed that there is a significant negative correlation between the level of GSH (u/mg) and T2DM patients. Finally, The results of the study showed a positive relationship between T2DM patients and bacterial infections because diabetes reduces the body's immunity and thus creates a suitable environment for bacterial growth. The hyper-glucose made good media for bacterial growth, leading to urinary tract infection (UTI).ip between Oxidative Stress and Adipokines Levels with Bacterial Infections in Type II Diabetic Patients (T2DM) ).