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The crop's requirement for water
2022-04-20
Assistant Professor Dr. Nowfal Adnan Sabry
Upper Euphrates Basin Development Center / Anbar University
Irrigated farming is the basis of stable production, especially when compared with dry farming. When large amounts of money are spent to establish irrigation projects, this results in the adoption of varieties and types of crops with high production capacity, especially in their response to irrigation, high fertilization, and plant density. For the cultivation of these crops to be economically profitable, as the increase in the yield of yellow corn grain in Iraq ranged from 0.5-0.7 1 hectare ton for additional irrigation, the rate of additional irrigation varies from one soil to another depending on its physical, chemical and biological characteristics, and the available water for the plant varies according to the different tissues Soil, the more the soil particles are very small, the greater it's surface area, and the greater its ability to hold water. That is, clay soils hold water more than sandy ones. Thus, the plant can absorb water from sandy soil better than clay when the soils contain the same moisture content because, in sandy soils, the water tension applied to the root of the plant is less than it is in clay soils. The water tension applied to the root of the plant is of four types (water capillary potential, osmotic water potential, atmospheric pressure potential, gravitational potential), It is possible to calculate the crop irrigation period (the number of days between irrigation and another) by using some special equations from ready-made tables that have been converted to the required values ??in days, after determining the type of crop, its sensitivity to drought, root depth and growth month, thus calculating the irrigation period according to the following equation:
Irrigation period in days = Amount of water to be replaced / Daily evaporation and transpiration rate
Irrigation depth = soil density x field capacity difference x wetting depth. The irrigation period in days can also be extracted as follows: Irrigation period = irrigation depth (mm) / daily evaporation rate (ET)
It is known that plants differ in the degree of their need for water and their tolerance to drought according to their stages of growth. Also, the effect of the leaf area of ??the plant, the size and depth of the root system, and the quality of modifications in the shape of the plant have an important role in the water need of that plant in addition to the nature of the cell juice of that plant and the presence of certain anatomical aspects in Plant and so on. The length of the growing season and the fact that the crop is summer or winter have a relationship to the water need of the plant. Most crops have the flowering stage which is the critical stage for the water requirement. As for tobacco, the elongation stage of the leaves is the critical stage for the water requirement. This stage varies according to the economic part of the plant, where it is immediately after mowing for the fodder crops.
Therefore, through the different varieties of field crops for water needs, fertilization, planting date, and environmental needs, it is necessary to follow the recommendations by placing irrigation meters during irrigation and providing the appropriate share according to the type’s need and not just the type for water and environmental conditions and the degree of tolerance of the variety to various tensile factors to obtain accurate and healthy data For growth, yield and quality traits of projects. Masters and Ph.D. can give valid scientific recommendations on its basis.
