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The developmental importance of the river islands in the Euphrates River within Anbar Governorate
2022-09-23
Assistant Professor Dr. Walid Hannoush Hamad
Instructor in the Department of Geography - College of Literature- University of Anbar
The Euphrates River is of great importance in geomorphological studies within the Anbar Governorate, as it is one of the important elements that contributed to the formation of the surface features between the city of Al-Qaim and the city of Fallujah. The sedimentation that is formed in the water course of the Euphrates River is the river islands The island.
As lingual: It means the area of ??land that is cut off from what surrounds it of land and islands of water from it and has receded.
Idiomatically: It is a piece of land surrounded by water from all sides, whether it is located in a river or a sea. Our article deals with these river islands in the Euphrates River within Anbar Governorate and their development importance.
The Euphrates River represents the main source of surface water in Anbar Governorate, and its natural phenomenon have formed the basis for many studies, Its river islands were of great importance, as they are one of the formative features within the water course of the Euphrates River, Which resulted from the continuous cases of excavations and sedimentation carried out by the river along its water course in Anbar Governorate, as its presence within the water course reflected the nature of the activity carried out by the river. Variation of its distribution and the nature of its components within the stream.
There are natural and human factors that contributed to the formation of the river islands in the Euphrates River in the form they are now, including factors related to the water course of the river itself, such as the flow speed, the width of the stream and the degree of straightness.
There are other factors that contribute to the formation of river islands as a result of some factors that fall under the name of factors affecting the water course to which the river is subject and controlling its behavior such as climate, geological structure and topographical factor, as well as human intervention and various investments, near or above the river streamline, all factors that created the suitable ground to build those islands in this area. Therefore, it is necessary to study these factors and their impact on the river and man alike.
The Euphrates River is the main axis around which the majority of human populations are concentrated in the region. The dry climate and lack of rainfall have prompted the population to settle near the riverbeds, as the growth and development of human settlements has been linked to the abundance of permanent water of the Euphrates River, and this explains why most of the settlements are concentrated along the Euphrates River. The river, and accordingly, several patterns of settlement appeared in the area and the residents practiced various economic activities, including agriculture, which invested the lands of those islands in agricultural activity.
As the agricultural activity is one of the most important activities practiced by man in the region, and this importance comes through the extensive exploitation of the lands of the flood plain of the Euphrates River in the region, especially the banks of the rivers and the nearby flood plain of accessible river islands, as these islands have a set of characteristics Make it a suitable place for agricultural investment, such as surface leveling, soil fertility and surface water resources.
These characteristics made the river islands formed in the Euphrates River have great importance in the field of agricultural activity, but this importance varies from one region to another depending on the nature of exploitation, the type of cultivated crops and the proximity of these islands to human settlements and as a result of the worsening grain supplies at the global level and the rise in the price of wheat for months to months Unprecedented levels in global markets due to the suspension of supplies of Russian and Ukrainian wheat. And an increase in its price by 40% within three months, and the global grain market became tense due to the dangers of drought in the world. Hence, the importance of the side river islands that are joined with the banks for their exploitation for agricultural activity, especially the cultivation of wheat and barley crops, while the importance of the median islands is highlighted by using them to cultivate field crops and fruit trees, and this is due to The difficulty of accessing these islands, and it is difficult to find ways to access the machinery and equipment needed for the cultivation process, which encourages the exploitation of some of these islands and currently investing them in the cultivation of palm orchards and fruit trees. This is an experiment that can be generalized to the rest of the other river islands in the Euphrates River and wait for the results of this experiment in the near term.
