Electrosurgery in Medicine Mohammed Ubaid Hussein Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, College of Medicine, University of Anbar. dr.mohamed.o.hussen@uoanbar.edu.iq The physical phenomenon includes electric and magnetic, developments in this scientific aspect has become an application to the most number of fields and which is indispensable. Electricity plays an important role in medicine, as there are a number of electrical and magnetic properties in medicine that are generated inside the body.[1] A number of our modern ideas of electrical activity in the body go back to many years passed by our studies, Luigi Galvani is the first to discover this field in the eighteenth century on the animal electrical in the leg of a frog and the electrical effects in and on the body has been named after the neurophysiology that deals with basic stable electrical. Recent studies by scientists of a number of disciplines have helped us to understand electrocution and its use in medicine as a diagnosis and treatment, including applications of uncontrolled electrocution, such as electric shock, which can be fatal, and controlled electrical applications in medicine, such as high-frequency electro stimulation of the body, which has multiple uses such as diathermy & electro surgery, which performed by a medical physicist.[2,3]. High-frequency electrotherapy in medicine is the thermal effects resulting from electrotherapeutic induction, in which the physical interaction of the electrolyte occurs with the tissues of the body, including electrosurgery.[1,4] High-frequency electrodes are used to control bleeding and wounds during surgery, as cauterization of open wounds is used to stop bleeding at a frequency of more than 2 megahertz and a high arc voltage of less than 15 kV, as in the device shown in Figure (1.) Fig.: (1) Electrosurgery 2 It is a plate electrode with contact electrodes With a large area, the current density at the back electrode is small compared to the current density at the probe electrode. By controlling the shape of the probe and the current density, different amounts of heat may be generated on the tissue by a number of electric arcs. The probe can be used either for small coagulation of the size of moderate blood vessels, which are very small to electrocution, or to cut through the tissue, or it is called electrosurgery.[5] Care to work on the patient’s body must be properly taken that the butt plate electrode is touching enough so that no burning occurs in the place and these doses do not cause electrical hazards, where good electrical contact with the skin is confirmed by using the electrical adhesive conductive on the plate. The action of electrosurgery is that when current flows through a high-frequency probe immersed in the tissue, under constant conditions, a high power density is present around the probe.[6] Electrosurgical cutting represents the physical tearing of tissue resulting from accelerated boiling of fluids from intense localized heating. Cutting of tissue occurs quickly, and the probe must be moved faster to minimize damage to surrounding tissue. With proper control, the destruction is limited to a certain depth of the probe. A common use of electrosurgery is in operations on the spleen, prostate, brain, cervix and bladder.[6,7] References [1.] Wulfsohn,N,N. & Sances ,Jr ," The nervous system and electrical currents " Vol.1 ,New York,1981 [2]Taheri A, Mansoori P, Sandoval LF, Feldman SR, Pearce D, Williford PM. Electrosurgery: part I Basics and principles. J Am Acad Dermato. 2014;70(4):591 [3]. Al-Benna S. Albucasis, a tenth-century scholar, physician and surgeon: His role in the history of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Eur J Plastic Sur. 2012;35(5). 3 [4]. Massarweh NN, Cosgriff N, Slakey DP. Electrosurgery: History, Principles, and Current and Future Uses. J Am College Surg. 2006;202(3). [ 5]. Shen YD, Lin LH, Chiang HJ, Ou KL, Cheng HY. Research of electrosurgical unit with novel antiadhesion composite thin film for tumor ablation: Microstructural characteristics, thermal conduction properties, and biological behaviors J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl. Biomater. 2016;104(1):96–105. [6.] Feldman L, Fuchshuber PR, Jones DB. The SAGES manual on the fundamental use of surgical energy (FUSE): Springer; 2012. [7]. Brucker SY, Hahn M, Kraemer D, Taran FA, Isaacson KB, Kramer B. Laparoscopic radiofrequency volumetric thermal ablation of fibroids versus laparoscopic myomectomy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014;125(3):261–5.