Prof. Dr. Waqas Mahmood ALjoboory

The main objective of adding organic or mineral fertilizers to agricultural land is to increase agricultural production in quantity and quality. However, these chemicals if are not properly used would become one of the means of polluting the environment (air, water, soil). This was appeared in the second half of the twentieth century in the world in general and in the Near East region in particular. The use of fertilizers in the Arab region increased dramatically at the end of the sixties of the last century and so far.

Producing food and providing it to humanity is the first task facing the world. Thus, the addition of fertilizers will continue to be a process of increasing production. Accordingly, and in order to reduce the negative impact of these chemicals on the environment, scientific and technical efforts must be focused on the administrative methods of the agricultural process with high efficiency and little retrogradation to the environment.

Fertilizers, if used in the recommended quantities and added to plants at the specified times, will have limited effect on the environment. The retrogradation effect of pesticide chemicals on the environment cannot be compared with that of fertilizers. Fertilizers are nutrients found in plants and animal bodies as well as humans, and if the plant, animal or human being does not get them in sufficient quantities, it will lead to the occurrence of various diseases. On the other hand, pesticides are materials made to eliminate living things, whether insects, fungi or bacteria, and adding them will lead to an imbalance in biodiversity in addition to their high toxicity to humans and animals.

Our goal as scientists in agriculture should focus on developing strategies and ideas in this field. This is possible by encouraging and continuation of agricultural production in the least retrogradation to the environment. In addition to a balanced fertilization procedure supported by the economic feasibility of the rate of use. The environmental problem related to fertilizers is mainly limited to the excessive and unscheduled use of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and organic fertilizers and their transformations after application