Dr. Yaseen Abd Ahmed

Climate changes in poor countries and third world countries have a significant impact on their food security, which in turn will negatively affect the national security.  Since they are least willing to adapt to those changes.

Despite the application of the latest technology to predict future events of environmental changes, the world at the beginning of the third millennium is still unable to find adequate solutions to meet these challenges. The problem of heat and drought has become responsible for the deterioration of a third of agricultural land and the problem of food deficit. In the coming decades, it is expected to see more changes in temperature, and changes in the water levels of rivers and seas. The repercussions of the climate change problem in the arid and semi-arid regions in which Iraq is located have become clear on food security.

There is a report from the United States of America regarding climate change, which it has linked to national security. This report identified eleven countries in which the provision of energy, food and health will be at risk as a result of climate change. This in turn makes those countries prey to instability and internal conflict. Heat waves and drought would affect the services that are related to serving the communities that live in those countries. It is frightening that this report has placed Iraq among those countries that will be exposed to these changes. Signs of this problem have recently been observed. Therefore, we should consider these changes as a warning to us to benefit from modern geological techniques and how to adapt to the negative effects of the climate. In addition, benefit from the assistance provided by countries that pay attention to these climate changes and ways to confront them.

For the purpose of advancing the agricultural reality and increasing the yield of various crops, it is necessary to determine the optimal date for planting these crops, because it provides ideal conditions for growth, especially strategic ones to achieve food security. To increase the yield and avoid damage as a result of climatic changes when planting it in Iraqi environments, it is necessary to change the agricultural dates according to the environmental conditions surrounding that area in order to obtain the optimum date for the growth and production of those crops.

Planting dates have a role no less important than choosing good plant varieties, as determining the most suitable date for plant growth is one of the foundations on which to grow different crops. Especially when some farmers, under certain circumstances, resort to early or late planting. This in order to provide suitable temperatures for emergence and germination, until reaching the stage of flowering and seed production. The difference in planting dates significantly affects the economic yield of different plants, especially field crops. The aim of knowing the appropriate date for planting is for the purpose of synchronizing the stages of growth and the formation of the plant with the appropriate conditions of heat, humidity and light, which leads to an increase in production.